Introduction Recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE) in young adults poses a multifaceted medical challenge, necessitating a thorough exploration of conventional risk factors and emerging predispositions. While typically associated with older populations and comorbidities, PE in younger individuals demands special attention due to its potential long-term health impacts. This review highlights the diverse etiological factors contributing to recurrent PE, including genetic susceptibilities, lifestyle influences, and environmental triggers. By elucidating the unique characteristics of this condition, we aim to improve prevention strategies, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and refine management approaches to alleviate its burden on both patients and healthcare systems.

Case Presentation We present the case of a 30 years old male who experienced sudden-onset palpitations, lower calf pain, and exertional dyspnoea following ankle surgery. Initial diagnostics revealed a massive saddle-shaped pulmonary embolism, necessitating emergency pulmonary embolectomy and subsequent anticoagulant therapy. Despite apparent recovery, recurrent symptoms prompted further evaluation, revealing a secondary embolic event attributed to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. This case underscores the complexities in managing PE recurrence in young adults, emphasizing the importance of vigilant monitoring and tailored therapeutic interventions.

Discussion Recurrent PE in young adults, particularly in post-surgical scenarios, presents unique clinical complexities exacerbated by predisposing factors such as surgical interventions and underlying autoimmune disorders. Treatment modalities, including surgical intervention and thrombolytic therapy, require careful consideration of risks and benefits. Comprehensive understanding and proactive management strategies are crucial in mitigating recurrence risks and optimizing patient outcomes. This review underscores the imperative for heightened clinical awareness, early intervention, and interdisciplinary collaboration to effectively manage recurrent PE in young adults.